Twentieth-century artistic movements are often directly linked to radical politics: early Soviet films, post-revolutionary Cuban cinema, the leftist critiques of the French cinéastes, and the Newsreel Collective in the United States in the 1960s. During the cultural and political upheavals of 1968, students from the Centro Universitario de Estudios Cinematograficos (CUEC) documented protests and confrontations not as journalists but as participants and in some cases as protagonists.